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            <h1 id="seo-header">『设计模式』职责链模式(Chain of Responsibility)  可怜的加薪、请假之路</h1>
            
            
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                <h1 id="『设计模式』职责链模式-Chain-of-Responsibility-可怜的加薪、请假之路"><a href="#『设计模式』职责链模式-Chain-of-Responsibility-可怜的加薪、请假之路" class="headerlink" title="『设计模式』职责链模式(Chain of Responsibility) 可怜的加薪、请假之路"></a>『设计模式』职责链模式(Chain of Responsibility) 可怜的加薪、请假之路</h1><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://lunatic.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105578091">23 种设计模式+额外常用设计模式汇总 (持续更新）</a></p>
<h3 id="问题抽象"><a href="#问题抽象" class="headerlink" title="问题抽象"></a>问题抽象</h3><p>客户端发出一个请求，会有很多对象都可以来处理这个请求，而且不同对象的处理逻辑是不一样的。<br>对于客户端而言，无所谓谁来处理，反正有对象处理就可以了。而且在上述处理中,还希望处理流程是可以灵活变动的，而处理请求的对象需要能方便地修改或者是被替换掉，以适应新的业务功能的需要。</p>
<h3 id="职责链模式"><a href="#职责链模式" class="headerlink" title="职责链模式"></a>职责链模式</h3><p>十多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这个对象连城一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，知道有一个对象处理它为止。</p>
<h3 id="模式结构"><a href="#模式结构" class="headerlink" title="模式结构"></a>模式结构</h3><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020061600330284.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYyNzExOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<ul>
<li><p>抽象处理者(Handler)角色<br>定义出一个处理请求的接口。如果需要，接口可以定义出一个方法以设定和返回对下家的引用。这个角色通常由一个抽象类或接口实现。</p>
</li>
<li><p>具体处理者(ConcreteHandler)角色<br>具体处理者接到请求后，可以选择将请求处理掉，或者将请求传给下家。由于具体处理者持有对下家的引用，因此，如果需要，具体处理者司以访问下家。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="处理过程"><a href="#处理过程" class="headerlink" title="处理过程"></a>处理过程</h3><p>ConcreteHandler 将自己的后继对象(向下传递消息的对象)记录在自己的后继表中，当一个请求到来时，ConcreteHandler 会先检查看自己有没有匹配的处理程序，如果有就自己处理，否则传递给它的后继。</p>
<p>职责链模式降低了请求的发送端和接收端之间的耦合，使多个对象都有机会处理这个请求。</p>
<h3 id="优点"><a href="#优点" class="headerlink" title="优点"></a>优点</h3><p>请求者和接收者松散耦合<br>动态组合职责</p>
<h3 id="缺点"><a href="#缺点" class="headerlink" title="缺点"></a>缺点</h3><p>产生很多细粒度对象<br>不一定能被处理：需要提供默认处理</p>
<h3 id="本质"><a href="#本质" class="headerlink" title="本质"></a>本质</h3><p>分离职责，动态组合，如果学习过状态模式，可以理解为可以动态设置转移方向的状态模式。</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200616003507713.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYyNzExOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="vv"></p>
<p>状态模式是一个对象的内在状态发生改变，一个对象，相对比较稳定，处理完一个对象下一个对象的处理一般都已确定<br>职责链模式过于灵话，在客户端使用时,需要环境去确定下一个对象是谁，一些列的 set 操作…职责链模式是多个对象之间的改变，就会出现某个对象不存在的情景。</p>
<p>实现：<br><strong>我们使用百度百科的一个例子：</strong><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200616003704387.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYyNzExOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200616003812766.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzYyNzExOA==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" srcset="/img/loading.gif" lazyload alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-comment">//申请</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Request</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//申请类别</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> string requestType;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String   getrequestType （）&#123;<br>  	  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> requestType;<br>    &#125;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>   setrequestType （string requestType）&#123;<br>  	 <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.requestType=requestType;<br>    &#125;<br><br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//申请内容</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> string requestContent;<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String   getrequestContent （）&#123;<br>  	  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> requestContent;<br>    &#125;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>   setrequestContent （string requestContent）&#123;<br>  	 <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.requestContent=requestContent;<br>    &#125;<br><br><br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//数量</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> number;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> Number<br>    &#123;<br>        get &#123; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> number; &#125;<br>        set &#123; number = value; &#125;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-comment">//管理者--Handler类，定义一个处理请求的接口</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Manager</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> string name;<br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//管理者上级</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span> Manager superior;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Manager</span><span class="hljs-params">(string name)</span><br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.name = name;<br>    &#125;<br><br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//设置管理者上级---关键的方法</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">SetSuperior</span><span class="hljs-params">(Manager superior)</span><br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-built_in">this</span>.superior = superior;<br>    &#125;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">RequestApplications</span><span class="hljs-params">(Request request)</span>;<br>&#125;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-comment">//&quot;经理类&quot;就可以去继承这个&quot;管理者&quot;类，只需要重写&quot;申请请求&quot;的方法就可以</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">//经理类</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">CommonManager</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Manager</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">CommonManager</span><span class="hljs-params">(string name)</span>  &#123; <span class="hljs-built_in">super</span>(name);&#125;<br><br>    publicvoid <span class="hljs-title function_">RequestApplications</span><span class="hljs-params">(Request request)</span><br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//经理的权限可批准下属两天内的请假</span><br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.RequestType == <span class="hljs-string">&quot;请假&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; request.Number &lt;= <span class="hljs-number">2</span>)<br>        &#123;<br>            Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&#123;0&#125;:&#123;1&#125;数量&#123;2&#125;被批准&quot;</span>, name, request.RequestContent, request.Number);<br>        &#125;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span><br>        &#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-comment">//其他的申请都要转到上级</span><br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (superior != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>)<br>                superior.RequestApplications(request);<br>        &#125;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br><span class="hljs-comment">//&quot;总监类&quot;同样继承这个&quot;管理者&quot;类</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">//总监类</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Majordomo</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Manager</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Majordomo</span><span class="hljs-params">(string name)</span>   &#123; <span class="hljs-built_in">super</span>(name);&#125;<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">RequestApplications</span><span class="hljs-params">(Request request)</span><br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//总监的权限可批准下属五天内的请假</span><br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.RequestType == <span class="hljs-string">&quot;请假&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; request.Number &lt;= <span class="hljs-number">5</span>)<br>        &#123;<br>            System.out.println( name+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:&quot;</span>+ request.RequestContent+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;数量&quot;</span>+request.Number+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;被批准&quot;</span>);<br>        &#125;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span><br>        &#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-comment">//其他的申请都要转到上级</span><br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (superior != <span class="hljs-literal">null</span>)<br>                superior.RequestApplications(request);<br>        &#125;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br><span class="hljs-comment">//&quot;总经理&quot;的权限就是全部处理</span><br><span class="hljs-comment">//总监类</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">GeneralManager</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Manager</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">GeneralManager</span><span class="hljs-params">(string name)</span>  &#123;<span class="hljs-built_in">super</span>(name); &#125;<br><br>    publicvoid <span class="hljs-title function_">RequestApplications</span><span class="hljs-params">(Request request)</span><br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//总经理的权限可批准下属任意天数的请假</span><br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.RequestType == <span class="hljs-string">&quot;请假&quot;</span>)<br>        &#123;<br>           System.out.println( name+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:&quot;</span>+ request.RequestContent+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;数量&quot;</span>+request.Number+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;被批准&quot;</span>);<br>        &#125;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.RequestType == <span class="hljs-string">&quot;加薪&quot;</span>&amp;&amp;request.Number&lt;=<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)<br>        &#123;<br>            System.out.println( name+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:&quot;</span>+ request.RequestContent+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;数量&quot;</span>+request.Number+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;被批准&quot;</span>);<br>        &#125;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (request.RequestType == <span class="hljs-string">&quot;加薪&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; request.Number &gt; <span class="hljs-number">500</span>)<br>        &#123;<br>             System.out.println( name+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;:&quot;</span>+ request.RequestContent+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;数量&quot;</span>+request.Number+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;在说吧&quot;</span>);<br>        &#125;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>  <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Client</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//客户端代码</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">Main</span><span class="hljs-params">(string[] args)</span><br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-type">CommonManager</span> <span class="hljs-variable">jinli</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">CommonManager</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;张三&quot;</span>);<br>        <span class="hljs-type">Majordomo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">zongjian</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Majordomo</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;李四&quot;</span>);<br>        <span class="hljs-type">GeneralManager</span> <span class="hljs-variable">zongjinli</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">GeneralManager</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;王五&quot;</span>);<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//设置上级</span><br>        jinli.SetSuperior(zongjian);<br>        zongjian.SetSuperior(zongjinli);<br><br>        <span class="hljs-type">Request</span> <span class="hljs-variable">request</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Request</span>();<br>        request.RequestType = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;请假&quot;</span>;<br>        request.RequestContent = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;XX请假&quot;</span>;<br>        request.Number = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;<br>        jinli.RequestApplications(request);<br><br>        <span class="hljs-type">Request</span> <span class="hljs-variable">request2</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Request</span>();<br>        request.RequestType = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;加薪&quot;</span>;<br>        request.RequestContent = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;XX加薪&quot;</span>;<br>        request.Number = <span class="hljs-number">500</span>;<br>        jinli.RequestApplications(request);<br><br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

                
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